Media independent handover for mobility

ABSTRACT

A media independent handover (MIH) device communicates with an 802 technology medium access control (MAC) layer and an 802 technology physical (PHY) layer utilizing an 802 technology management entity (ME) device. Handover information messages are produced by the MIH device. The handover information messages facilitate handover. The 802 technology ME device facilitates encapsulation of the handover information messages. The 802 technology ME device is coupled to the 802 technology MAC layer and the 802 technology PHY layer. The encapsulated handover information messages is sent to other MIH devices messages via the 802 technology ME device.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/091,159 filed on Mar. 28, 2005 which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/569,015, filed May 7, 2004, which is incorporated by reference as if fully set forth herein.

FIELD OF INVENTION

The present invention generally relates to wireless communication systems, and more particularly, to a method and system for implementing a media independent handover between different wireless network types.

BACKGROUND

Typical mobile systems have two main operating modes: Idle mode and Connected mode. In Idle mode, the station (STA) characteristics include: no user service (i.e., no call or transaction in progress); monitoring of paging channels; available service request channels; 100% of the receiver is available for downlink measurements of the radio environment; background coordination; and unscheduled access point (AP) and/or technology reselection. In Connected mode, the STA characteristics include: an active user service (e.g., a call is in progress); handover is possible; limited receiver availability for measurements (since the user service takes priority); and fully coordinated, scheduled AP and/or technology handover.

Prior to entering Idle mode (e.g., at power-up), the STA must perform selection in order to determine the best AP and technology available for the requested user service. While in the Idle mode, the STA continuously examines neighboring APs and APs with different technologies. Upon determination of a “better” AP, the STA will transition over (i.e., perform “reselection”) to the new AP.

While in the Connected mode, a handover occurs upon transition from one AP to another AP offering “better” service, including switching to an AP using a different technology. In an ideal case, handover occurs without noticeable interruption of the active user service.

One goal is to achieve a seamless handover (i.e., to permit mobility of a STA) between different wireless network types, such as between different wireless local area network (WLAN) types or between a WLAN and a cellular system. Current technology does not provide for this type of handover.

FIG. 1 is a diagram of an existing cellular mobility model 100, showing a centralized radio resource management (RRM) approach to the mobility issue. A cellular STA 102 (e.g., a 2G mobile station or a 3G user equipment) is freely mobile among a plurality of APs 104. The APs 104 can include, but are not limited to, GSM base stations and FDD/CDMA Node Bs. The APs 104 are connected together via a radio network 106. A handover policy function (HPF) 108 is used to direct the handover of the STA 102 among the APs 104 as the STA 102 moves about. The HPF 108 is centrally located (e.g., in a 2G base station controller (BSC) or a 3G radio network controller (RNC)) and is connected to a network 110 (e.g., a switch or a server).

The HPF 108 provides coordination as the STA 102 moves about the different APs 104. The STA 102 sends measurements to the HPF 108, and the HPF 108 makes the final decision regarding handover and which AP 104 the STA 102 should be on.

In the model 100, semi-static frequency assignments are made to each AP 104 and some radio planning is required. In Idle mode, both intra-technology (e.g., GSM to GSM) and inter-technology (e.g., GSM to FDDIWCDMA) AP selection/reselection decisions are made in the STA 102 and are supported by system information (from the network 110) broadcast by the HPF 108. In Connected mode, AP handover decisions are made in the HPF 108 and are supported by measurements made by the STA 102 that are sent to the HPF 108 via L3 signaling.

FIG. 2 is a diagram of an existing WLAN mobility model 200, showing a distributed RRM approach to the mobility issue. An 802.x STA 202 is freely mobile among a plurality of APs 204, which can include, but are not limited to 802.11a and 802.16 APs. The APs 204 communicate via a radio network 206 and to a network 208 (e.g., a gateway or router).

In the model 200, dynamic frequency assignments are made to each AP 204 and radio planning is not required. The only type of handover supported in the mobility model 200 is an intra-technology (e.g., 802.11a to 802.11a) Idle mode handover, where the AP selection/reselection decision is made autonomously in the STA 202. The other handover types (Idle mode with inter-technology and Connected mode) are not supported in the mobility model 200.

In this distributed RRM approach, the APs 204 can be deployed anywhere and they dynamically manage themselves. There is no centralized point through which RRM is performed, and therefore, no element in the architecture to execute a handover.

FIG. 3 is a diagram of existing mobile system architectures for cellular and WLAN network types. A GPRS (2G) STA 300 includes a physical layer 302, a data link layer 304, and a network layer 306. The data link layer 304 includes a medium access control (MAC) sublayer 310 and a radio link control (RLC) sublayer 312. The network layer 306 includes a GSM radio resource (RR) manager 314, a mobility management (MM) protocol manager 316, and an Internet Protocol (IP)/convergence manager 318.

A 3GPP (3G) STA 320 includes a physical layer 322, a data link layer 324, and a network layer 326. The data link layer 324 includes a MAC sublayer 330 and a RLC sublayer 332. The network layer 326 includes a 3G RR controller 334, a MM protocol manager 336, and an IP/convergence manager 338.

An 802.xx STA 340 includes a physical layer 342, a data link layer 344, and a network layer 346. The data link layer 344 includes a MAC sublayer 350 and a logical link (LLC) sublayer 352. The network layer 346 includes a mobile IP manager 354 and an IP/convergence manager 356.

The RR manager/controller (314, 334) manages the instantaneous radio link, handling all of the information regarding a radio link. The MM protocol (316, 336, 354) handles network level issues, such as registration and location updating as the STA moves about the system (i.e., issues outside of the call itself).

Current WLAN systems offer only a limited mobility capability. Intra-technology (e.g., 802.11 to 802.11) and inter-technology (e.g., 802.11 to 802.16) user transitions are supported using a “break before make” strategy that can be characterized as a reselection operation, as opposed to a handover operation in a typical full mobility system (e.g., GSM). This problem limits the growth of WLAN technologies, as this approach is unsatisfactory for supporting real time services such as voice and video streaming.

SUMMARY

A media independent handover (MIH) device communicates with an 802 technology medium access control (MAC) layer and an 802 technology physical (PHY) layer utilizing an 802 technology management entity (ME) device. Handover information messages are produced by the MIH device. The handover information messages facilitate handover. The 802 technology ME device facilitates encapsulation of the handover information messages. The 802 technology ME device is coupled to the 802 technology MAC layer and the 802 technology PHY layer. The encapsulated handover information messages is sent to other MIH devices messages via the 802 technology ME device.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

A more detailed understanding of the invention may be had from the following description of a preferred embodiment, given by way of example, and to be understood in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a diagram of an existing cellular mobility model;

FIG. 2 is a diagram of an existing WLAN mobility model;

FIG. 3 is a diagram of existing mobile system architectures for cellular and WLAN network types;

FIG. 4 is a diagram of a mobility architecture in a WLAN in accordance with the present invention and how it compares to cellular network types;

FIG. 5 is a diagram of a WLAN mobility model in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing construction of a STA architecture to implement a distributed handover policy function of the present invention; and

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing construction of a STA architecture to implement a centralized handover policy function of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Hereafter, the term “station” (STA) includes, but is not limited to, a wireless transmit/receive unit, a user equipment, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a pager, or any other type of device capable of operating in a wireless environment. When referred to hereafter, the term “access point” (AP) includes, but is not limited to, a base station, a Node B, a site controller, or any other type of interfacing device in a wireless environment.

FIG. 4 is a diagram of a mobility architecture in a WLAN and how it compares to cellular network types. The GPRS STA 300 and the 3GPP STA 320 are identical to the STAs described above in connection with FIG. 3. An 802.xx STA 400 includes a physical layer 402, a data link layer 404, and a network layer 406. The data link layer 404 includes a MAC sublayer 410 and a LLC sublayer 412. The network layer 406 includes a media independent handover layer 414, a mobile IP manager 416, and an IP/convergence manager 418. The remainder of the discussion focuses on the media independent handover (MIH) layer 414 and how it operates within a mobility model. The MIH layer 414 performs functions similar to the GSM RR 314 and the 3G RRC 334.

FIG. 5 is a diagram of a WLAN mobility model 500 in accordance with the present invention, showing two basic HPF options, distributed and centralized. These options relate to the situations not previously addressed by mobility models, i.e., Idle mode with inter-technology handover and Connected mode handover.

An 802.x STA 502 is freely mobile among a plurality of APs 504, which can include, but are not limited to 802.11a and 802.16 APs. The APs 504 communicate via a radio network 506 and to a network 508 (e.g., a gateway or router).

The model 500 can implement a distributed HPF 510 at the STA 502 and/or a centralized HPF 520 at the network 508.

In a distributed HPF setting, the STA makes the selection, reselection, and handover decisions autonomously. This includes Idle mode, inter-technology selection/reselection and both Connected mode handover types.

In a centralized HPF setting, the HPF located on the system side assists in the selection and reselection processes, and makes the handover decisions supported by information gathered by the STA. The information is communicated from the STA to the HPF via the signaling mechanisms of the present invention (i.e., the MIH layer). This includes Idle mode, inter-technology selection/reselection and both Connected mode handover types.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a functional architecture for a STA 600 utilizing the distributed HPF of the present invention. The STA 600 includes a physical sublayer management entity (ME) 602 and a MAC sublayer ME 604. A HPF 606 communicates with both the physical sublayer ME 602 and the MAC sublayer ME 604. A local management information base 608 stores information accessed by the HPF 606 in making the handover decision. The physical sublayer ME 602 includes a physical layer convergence procedure (PLCP) sublayer 610 and a physical medium dependant (PMD) sublayer 612. The MAC sublayer ME 604 includes a MAC sublayer 614.

Reselection and handover decisions are made autonomously by the STA 600. The HPF 606 receives measurements and other events (information typically used in making a handover decision) from the MAC sublayer ME 604 and the physical sublayer ME 602. The HPF 606 processes this information and makes an autonomous decision whether to perform a handover.

This is a limited handover solution, and is really just an extension of the reselection procedure and would be characterized as such in a typical mobile system. This is an adequate, but sub-optimal solution, mainly due to the use of a “break then make” strategy. With this strategy, when a STA knows that its radio link is deteriorating, it breaks the current link or the link independently fails before the new link is established. The resource availability to complete the handover is not guaranteed, and could lead to dropped calls of the new AP lacks the resources to accommodate the handover. The possibility of dropped calls is an adequate solution for non-real time services, but is an unacceptable solution for real time services such as voice communications. Furthermore, this is a poorly scalable solution, for the same reasons; i.e., as more STAs are added to the system, the performance will deteriorate.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a functional architecture for a STA 700 utilizing the centralized HPF. The STA 700 includes a physical sublayer ME 702 and a MAC sublayer ME 704. A media independent handover (MIH) layer 706 communicates with both the physical sublayer ME 702 and the MAC sublayer ME 704. The MIH layer 706 communicates with a MIH layer 708 on the system side. The MIH layer 708 communicates with a system HPF 708. The physical sublayer ME 702 includes a PLCP sublayer 712 and a PMD sublayer 714. The MAC sublayer ME 704 includes a MAC sublayer 716.

The MIH layer 706 and the system HPF 710 communicate via the MIH layer 708. The MIH layer 706 sends measurements to the HPF 710 and the HPF 710 sends system information to the MIH layer 706. The reselection and handover decisions are coordinated between the MIH layer 706 and the HPF 710 based on this exchange of information. This use of both the MIH layer 706, the MIH layer 708, and the HPF 710 is analogous to a cellular system type of handover.

Reselection and handover decisions are coordinated by the HPF 710 and are supported by measurement reports and system signaling received via the MIH layers 706, 708. This is a fast, optimal handover solution due to the centralized decision-making which uses a make then break strategy, guaranteeing resource availability to complete the handover. This is an adequate solution for non-real time services, an acceptable solution for real time services, and is easily scalable, providing a full mobility solution.

In order to support a full mobility solution, both a mobility protocol (e.g., MM, mobile IP, SIP, etc.) and a resource control protocol (e.g., RRC or MIH layer) are required. The mobility protocol supports functions such as discovery, registration, tunneling, termination (or paging), handover at the network level (between two switches), and security. The resource control protocol supports functions such as system information, termination (or paging), cell selection/reselection, establishment, release, measurement reporting, power control, and handover at the radio level (between two radios). Handover support provided at both levels is required to support a full mobility solution.

On the network side, both the MIH layer 708 and the HPF 710 can be positioned in any centralized entity, such as an AP, a server, a database, or a router. In a preferred embodiment, the MIH layer 708 and the HPF 710 are located in an AP or an AP controller. The MIH layer 708 and the HPF 710 are separate logical entities. The MIH layer 708 acts as a state machine, gathering the necessary information and passing it to the HPF 710. The HPF 710 makes the handover decision based upon the information received.

While the present embodiment has been described in terms of a WLAN, the principles of the present embodiment are equally applicable to any type of wireless communication system. The centralized HPF architecture can be extended to support wireless to wired interworking scenarios, such as a handover policy when connecting a wireless device to a wireline system. An example of this would be using an 802.11-enabled laptop and then docking the laptop and using handover to take advantage of an Ethernet connection to the laptop docking station.

Although the elements shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 are illustrated as separate elements, these elements may be implemented on a single integrated circuit (IC), such as an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), multiple ICs, discrete components, or a combination of discrete components and IC(s). In certain implementations, the functionality of embodiments and features of the invention may be present in discrete component(s)/IC(s) and may be partially/totally disabled or deactivated.

Although the features and elements of the present invention are described in the preferred embodiments in particular combinations, each feature or element can be used alone (without the other features and elements of the preferred embodiments) or in various combinations with or without other features and elements of the present invention. 

1. A station capable of operating using a wireless 802 technology and a cellular technology, the station comprising: a media independent handover (MIH) device configured to provide information to facilitate a handover and produce handover information messages; an 802 technology management entity (ME) device coupled to the MIH device, the 802 technology ME device coupled to an 802 technology medium access control layer and an 802 technology physical (PHY) layer, the 802 technology ME device configured to process handover information messages produced by the MIH device; and the MIH device configured to communicate with the 802 MAC layer and the 802 technology PHY layer utilizing the 802 technology ME device, the MIH device configured to send the processed handover information messages to other MIH devices messages via the 802 technology ME device.
 2. The station of claim 1 wherein the station is configured to handover from an 802 technology to a cellular technology in response to the information provided by the MIH to facilitate handover.
 3. The station of claim 1 wherein the MIH device is configured to communicate with technologies other than 802 technologies.
 4. The station of claim 1 wherein the 802 technology is an 802.11 technology or an 802.16 technology.
 5. The station of claim 1 wherein the cellular technology is a GSM, GPRS or 3G technology.
 6. The station of claim 1 wherein the MIH device is configured as a sublayer between layer 2 and layer
 3. 7. The station of claim 1 wherein the MIH device is coupled to layer
 3. 8. The station of claim 1 wherein a handover policy function is configured to utilize the MIH information to facilitate handover for a handover decision.
 9. The station of claim 8 wherein the handover decision is made autonomously by the handover policy function.
 10. The station of claim 1 wherein the 802 technology ME device comprises a MAC ME device and a PHY ME device; the MAC ME device is configured to communicate with the 802 technology MAC layer and the PHY ME device is configured to communicate with the 802 technology PHY layer; the MIH device communicates with the MAC ME device.
 11. The station of claim 1 wherein the 802 technology ME device comprises a MAC ME device and a PHY ME device; the MAC ME device is configured to communicate with the 802 technology MAC layer and the PHY ME device is configured to communicate with the 802 technology PHY layer; the MIH device communicates with both the MAC ME device and the PHY ME device.
 12. A method for use by a station capable of operating using a wireless 802 technology and a cellular technology, the method comprising: communicating by a media independent handover (MIH) device with an 802 technology medium access control (MAC) layer and an 802 technology physical (PHY) layer utilizing an 802 technology management entity (ME) device; producing handover information messages by the MIH device, the handover information messages facilitate handover; processing the handover information messages by the 802 technology ME device; wherein the 802 technology ME device being coupled to the 802 technology MAC layer and the 802 technology PHY layer; and sending the processed handover information messages to other MIH devices messages via the 802 technology ME device.
 13. The method of claim 12 wherein the station performs a handover from an 802 technology to a cellular technology in response to the information provided by the MIH to facilitate handover.
 14. The method of claim 12 wherein the MIH device communicates with technologies other than 802 technologies.
 15. The method of claim 12 wherein the 802 technology is an 802.11 technology or an 802.16 technology.
 16. The method of claim 12 wherein the cellular technology is a GSM, GPRS or 3G technology.
 17. The method of claim 12 wherein the MIH device is a sublayer between layer 2 and layer
 3. 18. The method of claim 12 wherein the MIH device communicates directly with layer
 3. 19. The method of claim 12 wherein a handover policy function utilizes the MIH information to facilitate handover for a handover decision.
 20. The method of claim 19 wherein the handover decision is made autonomously by the handover policy function.
 21. The method of claim 12 wherein the 802 technology ME device comprises a MAC ME device and a PHY ME device; the MAC ME device communicates with the 802 technology MAC device and the PHY ME device communicates with the 802 technology PHY device; the MIH device communicates with the MAC ME device.
 22. The method of claim 12 wherein the 802 technology ME device comprises a MAC ME device and a PHY ME device; the MAC ME device communicates with the 802 technology MAC device and the PHY ME device communicates with the 802 technology PHY device; the MIH device communicates with both the MAC ME device and the PHY ME device.
 23. An access point station capable of operating using a wireless 802 technology and transferring information to a cellular technology, the access point comprising: a media independent handover (MIH) device configured to provide information to facilitate a handover of a station and produce handover information messages; an 802 technology management entity (ME) device coupled to the MIH device, the 802 technology ME device coupled to an 802 technology medium access control layer and an 802 technology physical (PHY) layer, the 802 technology ME device configured to process handover information messages produced by the MIH device; and the MIH device configured to communicate with the 802 MAC layer and the 802 technology PHY layer utilizing the 802 technology ME device, the MIH device configured to send the processed handover information messages to other MIH devices messages via the 802 technology ME device.
 24. The access point of claim 23 wherein the access point is configured to initiate handover of a station from an 802 technology to a cellular technology in response to the information provided by the MIH to facilitate handover.
 25. The access point of claim 23 wherein the MIH device is configured to communicate with technologies other than 802 technologies.
 26. The access point of claim 23 wherein the 802 technology is an 802.11 technology or an 802.16 technology.
 27. The access point of claim 23 wherein the cellular technology is a GSM, GPRS or 3G technology.
 28. The access point of claim 23 wherein the MIH device is configured as a sublayer between layer 2 and layer
 3. 29. The access point of claim 23 wherein the MIH device is coupled to layer
 3. 30. The access point of claim 23 wherein a handover policy function is configured to utilize the MIH information to facilitate handover for a handover decision.
 31. The access point of claim 30 wherein the handover decision is made autonomously by the handover policy function.
 32. The access point of claim 23 wherein the 802 technology ME device comprises a MAC ME device and a PHY ME device; the MAC ME device is configured to communicate with the 802 technology MAC layer and the PHY ME device is configured to communicate with the 802 technology PHY layer; the MIH device communicates with the MAC ME device.
 33. The access point of claim 23 wherein the 802 technology ME device comprises a MAC ME device and a PHY ME device; the MAC ME device is configured to communicate with the 802 technology MAC layer and the PHY ME device is configured to communicate with the 802 technology PHY layer; the MIH device communicates with both the MAC ME device and the PHY ME device.
 34. A wireless communication system comprising at least one access point and at least one station capable of operating using a wireless 802 technology and transferring information to a cellular technology, the communication system comprising: each of the at least one access point comprising: a media independent handover (MIH) device configured to provide information to facilitate a handover of a station and produce handover information messages; an 802 technology management entity (ME) device coupled to the MIH device, the 802 technology ME device coupled to an 802 technology medium access control layer and an 802 technology physical (PHY) layer, the 802 technology ME device configured to process handover information messages produced by the MIH device; and the MIH device configured to communicate with the 802 MAC layer and the 802 technology PHY layer utilizing the 802 technology ME device, the MIH device configured to send the processed handover information messages to other MIH devices messages via the 802 technology ME device; and each of the at least one station in communication with one of the at least one access point.
 35. The communication system of claim 34 wherein each of the at least on station comprises a station MIH device configured to receive the encapsulated handover messages.
 36. The communication system of claim 34 wherein the access point is configured to initiate handover of a station from an 802 technology to a cellular technology in response to the information provided by the MIH to facilitate handover.
 37. The communication system of claim 34 wherein the MIH device is configured to communicate with technologies other than 802 technologies.
 38. The communication system of claim 34 wherein the 802 technology is an 802.11 technology or an 802.16 technology.
 39. The communication system of claim 34 wherein the cellular technology is a GSM, GPRS or 3G technology.
 40. The communication system of claim 34 wherein the MIH device is configured as a sublayer between layer 2 and layer
 3. 41. The communication system of claim 34 wherein the MIH device is coupled to layer
 3. 42. The communication system of claim 34 wherein a handover policy function is configured to utilize the MIH information to facilitate handover for a handover decision.
 43. The communication system of claim 42 wherein the handover decision is made autonomously by the handover policy function.
 44. The communication system of claim 34 wherein the 802 technology ME device comprises a MAC ME device and a PHY ME device; the MAC ME device is configured to communicate with the 802 technology MAC layer and the PHY ME device is configured to communicate with the 802 technology PHY layer; the MIH device communicates with the MAC ME device.
 45. The communication system of claim 34 wherein the 802 technology ME device comprises a MAC ME device and a PHY ME device; the MAC ME device is configured to communicate with the 802 technology MAC layer and the PHY ME device is configured to communicate with the 802 technology PHY layer; the MIH device communicates with both the MAC ME device and the PHY ME device. 